April 5^th is

Caramel Day

Go For Broke Day *

Deep Dish Pizza Day *

Read A Road Map Day

National Walking Day *

National Day of Hope *

Star Trek First Contact Day *
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MORE! Thomas Hobbes, Sybil Ludington and Jagjivan Ram, click

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WORLD FESTIVALS AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

India – Andhra Pradesh and Telangana:
Babu Jagjivan Ram Jayanthi
(Lord Rama birthday)

Nepal – Ram Nawami
(birth of Lord Rama)

South Korea – Arbor Day

Taiwan – Ching Ming Festival
(tomb-sweeping day)
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On This Day in HISTORY

1242 – Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod defeats Teutonic Knights in the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, which is on the modern border between Estonia and Russia

1566 – Two-hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrick van Bréderode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma, Governor of the Netherlands for Spain, and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Seventeen Provinces; Hendrick van Bréderode is banished by the next Spanish Governor of the Netherlands, Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, and dies in exile

1588 – Thomas Hobbes born, English philosopher and political theorist

1603 – James VI of Scotland, now the new King of England as James I, begins his journey from Edinburgh to London

1649 – Elihu Yale born in America, English merchant; benefactor of Yale University

1732 – Jean-Honore Fragonard born, French Rococo painter

1761 – Sybil Ludington born, at age 16, becomes American Revolutionary War heroine, when she rides to warn American colonial forces the British approach on April 26, 1777, riding twice the distance of Paul Revere

1764 – British Parliament’s Sugar Act restricts importing molasses to America

1792 – U.S. President George Washington exercises the first presidential veto against an apportionment bill passed by Congress which exceeded constitutional guidelines for determining the number of delegates that should comprise the House of Representatives

1803 – First performance of Beethoven’s 2nd Symphony in D

1818 – In the Battle of Maipú, Chile’s independence movement, led by Bernardo O’Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean dead

1825 – Mary Jane Hawes Holmes born, American author of novels and short stories, sold 2 million books in her lifetime second only to Harriet Beecher Stowe; Tempest and Sunshine; Rose Mather, a Tale of War; Darkness and Daylight

1827 – Joseph Lister born, English surgeon and scientist

1837 – Algernon Charles Swinburne born, English poet

1856 – Booker T. Washington born, educator and reformer, important spokesperson for black Americans at the turn of the 20th century

1858 – W. Atlee Burpee born, founds world’s largest mail-order seed company

1873 – Nellie Neilson born, American historian, first woman elected a fellow of the Medieval Academy of America (1926), first woman to serve as president of the American Historical Association

1881 – Edwing Houston and Elihu Thomson patent a centrifugal separator for separating milk

1901 – Hattie Elizabeth Alexander born, American pediatrician and microbiologist, developed treatments for Haemophilus influenzae infection, one of the first scientists to study antibiotic resistant bacteria, first woman elected president of the American Pediatric Society

1908 – Jagjivan Ram born, Indian politician, spokesman for the untouchables

1922 – American Birth Control League, founded by Margaret Sanger and forerunner of Planned Parenthood, is incorporated in New York

1939 – Membership in the Hitler Youth becomes obligatory in Germany

1943 – Ike Sewell invents Deep Dish Pizza in Chicago IL

1945 – Go For Broke Day * honors U.S. Army Private 1^st Class Sadao Munemori, who died in Italy on this day to save his unit, winning the Medal of Honor, and all the rest of the 442^nd Regimental Combat Team, mostly Japanese-American volunteers, the most decorated infantry regiment in U.S. Army history. Their motto was “Go for Broke”

1946 – First performance of Charles Ives’ 3rd Symphony

1949 – Judith Arlene Resnik born, American engineer and NASA astronaut; she died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster January 28, 1986

1954 – Elvis Presley records his debut single “That’s All Right”

1962 – Herb Gardner’s play A Thousand Clowns premieres on Broadway. Starring Jason Robards, Jr. and Sandy Dennis

1963 – Susuga Malietoa Tanumafili II becomes chief of Western Samoa

1968 – Simon & Garfunkel’s single “Mrs. Robinson” is released

1969 – Massive anti-war demonstrations across the U.S.

1976 –Tom Stoppard’s Dirty Linen premieres in London

1992 – Peace protesters Suada Dilberovic and Olga Sučić are killed on the Vrbanja Bridge in Sarajevo, becoming the first casualties of the Bosnian War; dispute over who fired the shots

1993 – Construction begins on the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland OH

2000 – National Day of Hope * is designated by U.S. Congress, started by Childhelp.org co-founders Yvonne Fedderson and Sara O’Meara to end child abuse and neglect

2006 – National Walking Day * becomes part of the American Heart Association’s  “Move More in April” segment of their year-round “My Heart, My Life” initiative

2012 – Suicide of a 77-year-old pensioner outside the Greek Parliament in Athens sparks more protests

2016 – San Francisco CA becomes the first U.S. city to mandate paid parental leave

2063 – Star Trek First Contact Day: Zefram Cochrane takes the first flight of an Earthling to exceed Warp 1, making first contact with an alien race, the Vulcans
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Visuals

• Caramels
• Small section of road map
• National Day of Hope Poster
• International flags
• Battle of the Ice at Lake Peipus – artist not credited
• Thomas Hobbes, law quote
• Detail of The Swing, by Jean-Honore Fragonard
• Stanza from Before Parting by Algernon Charles Swinburne
• Booker T. Washington, holding a man down quote
• 442^nd Regimental Combat Team in France, 1944
• National Walking Day poster

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