August 23^rd is

International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade & its Abolition *

Ride the Wind Day *

Spongecake Day

Valentino Day *

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MORE! Arnold Toynbee, Malvina Reynolds and Rudolf Valentino, click

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WORLD FESTIVALS AND NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

Argentina – Buenos Aires:
Tango Festival y Mundial

Lithuania – Black Ribbon Day
(for victims of totalitarianism)

Ukraine – National Flag Day

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On This Day in HISTORY

30 BC – After invading Egypt, Octavian executes Caesarion, Cleopatra’s son by Julius Caesar, and Marcus Antonius Antyllus, Mark Antony’s eldest son

AD 79 – Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire, metalworking and volcanoes

Hand-colored etching by Peter Fabris, circa 1760: a plate in William Hamilton’s Campi Phlegraei

1244 – Siege of Jerusalem: The city’s citadel, the Tower of David, surrenders to the Sunni Muslim Khwarezmian Empire

1305 – Sir William Wallace is executed for treason at Smithfield in London

1524 – François Hotman born, French Protestant lawyer and legal scholar, writer, humanist, opposed absolute monarchy, labeled “one of the first modern revolutionaries”

1614 – University of Groningen is established in the Dutch Republic

1628 – George Villiers, first Duke of Buckingham, stabbed to death by John Felton

1754 – French King Louis XVI born, destined to be sentenced to the guillotine and executed during the French Revolution

1769 – Georges Cuvier born, French major figure in natural sciences, zoologist and pioneer in comparative anatomy and vertebrate paleontology; early proponent of catastrophism in geology, which his work helped establish extinction as fact

1817 – Emily Chubbuck Judson born, author and poet under pen-names Fanny Forrester and Emily Judson; married missionary and went to Burma

1838 – First graduating class from Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, South Hadley MA, one of the earliest colleges for women

1843 – Lillie Hitchcock Coit born, ‘Firebelle Lil’ was wealthy socialite fascinated by firefighting, who became a mascot as a teen, and then an honorary member of Engine Company No. 5, often riding along to fires, sometimes scandalously wearing trousers, or when the engine company was in a parade; she left one-third of her estate to the City of San Francisco, which used the bequest to build the landmark Coit Tower, and place a statue of three firefighters in Washington Square Park

1847 – Sarah Frances Whiting born, American physicist and astronomer; established the physics department and experimental lab at Wellesley as its first physics professor; author of a physics textbook and numerous articles for Popular Astronomy

1849 – William Ernest Henley born, English poet and editor, remembered for “Invictus”

1852 – Arnold Toynbee born, English economist, historian, author and social reformer; 12-volume A Study of History; he helped establish public libraries in East London, and encouraged his students to offer free classes for the working poor; Toynbee Hall, a settlement house still active today, is named for him

1868 – Edgar Lee Masters born, American poet and novelist; Spoon River Anthology

1871 – Jack Butler Yeats born, Irish artist; Ireland’s first Olympic medalist, a silver for his painting Swimming, in the arts and culture segment of the 1924 Paris games; brother of poet William Butler Yeats

The Learner by Jack Butler Yeats, 1929

1891 – Roy Agnew born, Australian composer and pianist

1898 – Southern Cross Expedition leaves London bound for the Antarctic. First expedition to over-winter on Antarctic mainland, and pioneer in the use of dogs and sledges

1900 – Malvina Reynolds born, American singer-songwriter and political activist, known for songs “Little Boxes” and “What Have They Done to the Rain”

1900 – Ernst Krenek born in Austria, son of a Czech soldier, American composer

1902 – Fannie Farmer opens Miss Farmer’s School of Cookery in Boston MA

1905 – Constant Lambert born, English composer and conductor

1908 – Hannah Frank born to Russian Jewish immigrants, Scottish artist and sculptor

1912 – Gene Kelly born, innovative American dancer, actor, director-choreographer

1922 – Nazik Al-Malaika born to a feminist poet mother and academic father, Iraqi poet, one of the most influential women poets in Iraq. Notable as the first Arabic poet to use free verse, in her ground-breaking second book of poetry, Sparks and Ashes. Her poems covered nationalism, social and feminist issues, honour killings and alienation. She left Iraq with her husband and family in 1970 after the Arab Socialist Ba’ath Party came to power, moving to Kuwait, until it was invaded by Saddam Hussein in 1990, and then to Egypt, where she lived for the rest of her life in Cairo. Her other three books of poetry are And the sea changes its colour, Bottom of the Wave, and The Night’s Lover

1926 – Silent film idol Rudolf Valentino dies at age 31 because of a ruptured ulcer. Thousands mourn. Valentino Day * honors the anniversary of his death

1927 – Anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti executed in spite of worldwide pleas for pardon

1933 – Mahatma Gandhi released from jail in Poona, India, after a one-week hunger strike

1938 – Frank Capra’s movie You Can’t Take It With You starring James Stewart debuts

1941 – Onora O’Neill born, Baroness O’Neill of Bengrave, philosopher, academic and crossbench member of the House of Lords; President of the British Academy (2005-2009), the UK’s national academy for the humanities and social sciences; Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge (1992-2006); founding President of the British Philosophical Association (BPA); author of numerous works on political philosophy, ethics, international justice, bioethics, the importance of trust, consent and respect for autonomy in a just society, and the philosophy of Immanuel Kant

1944 – Antonia Coello Novello born, Puerto Rican physician and public health administrator, first woman appointed Surgeon General of the United States, vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Commissioner of Health for the State of New York

1947 – Keith Moon, drummer for The Who, is born

1948 – World Council of Churches, a global fellowship of Christian churches, is formed

1954 – Halimah Yacob born, Singapore Independent politician; President of Singapore and also National Singapore University Chancellor since 2017; Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore (2013-2017); Member of Parliament (2001-2017)

1954 – First Flight of C-130 Hercules aircraft

1958 – Roberta Rudnick born, American earth scientist and professor of geology at University of California, Santa Barbara; world expert on the continental crust and lithosphere; fellow of the American Geophysical Union since 2005, and member of the National Academy of Sciences since 2010; awarded the 2012 Dana Medal by the Mineralogical Society of America; editor-in-chief of Chemical Geology (2000-2010)

1962 – U.S. Telstar relays first live broadcast between U.S. and Europe

1973 – Stockholm, Sweden, bank robbery hostage crisis lasts 5 days, term “Stockholm syndrome” is coined to describe hostages sympathy with their captors

1977 – National Ride the Wind Day * commemorates Paul MacCready’s Gossamer Condor-2, piloted by cyclist Bryan Allen, winning the Kremer prize for human-powered flight, flying a figure-eight course at 11 mph, for a distance of 2, 172 meters

1983 – Athena Farrokhzad born in Iran, Iranian-Swedish poet, playwright, translator,  literary critic, and controversial host of the Sverges Radio show Sommar since 2014; joint winner of the Karin Boye Literary Prize in 2013

1989 – Singing Revolution: two million from Estonia Latvia and Lithuania join hands on the Vilnius-Talinn road

1996 – President Clinton imposed limits peddling cigarettes to minors

1998 – UNESCO adopts resolution establishing International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition * in honor of the successful Haitian slave uprising which played a crucial role in abolishing the transatlantic slave trade

2011 – Magnitude 5.8 (moderate) earthquake in Virginia causes an estimated $200 million–$300 million in damages to monuments and structures in Washington DC

2017 – Fields of flowers bloom suddenly after unexpected heavy rain falls on the Atacama Desert in Chile, the driest place on Earth

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